Which strategy is most effective in reducing the risk of on-path attacks during transactions?

• A. Encrypt all user data
• B. Limit access to the transaction system
• C. Require two-factor authentication with mobile phone numbers
• D. Implement a new transaction interface

Answer: (C)

Requiring two-factor authentication (2FA) with mobile phone numbers is an effective strategy in reducing the risk of on-path attacks during transactions. On-path attacks involve an attacker intercepting communication between two parties, often to eavesdrop or manipulate transaction data.

By implementing 2FA, users must provide an additional piece of information beyond their regular password—typically a code sent to their mobile phone. This layer of security helps ensure that even if an attacker manages to intercept a user's credentials, they would still need access to the user's mobile device to complete the authentication process. This makes it significantly more difficult for an attacker to successfully execute an on-path attack, as they would need both the password and physical access to the authentication method (the user's mobile phone).

While encrypting all user data provides confidentiality and integrity during transmission, it does not directly prevent an attacker from intercepting that data or gaining access to the system. Limiting access to the transaction system can bolster security but may not address how transactions are authenticated. Implementing a new transaction interface may enhance user experience or usability but doesn't inherently improve security against interception by an attacker.

In summary, requiring two-factor authentication adds an essential layer of defense against on-path attacks, making it a particularly effective strategy